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Phula Singh's avatar

Beautifully written article. Were the Virks among the predominant cattle thieves that you read?

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Khem Singh (@SikhsInCourt)'s avatar

They didn't mention Virks specifically, however, Lepel's Chiefs and Families of the Punjab makes several references to misldars and prominent sardars in the early Sarkar-i-Khalsa who had a history of cattle theivery, even going as far to say it was believed to be an honorable profession in a sense

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Jodh Singh (YungBhujang)'s avatar

Absolutely fantastic article - it’s hard to piece together coherent philosophies due to the limits on the written sources of the period, but the sources here are used extremely well and provide a coherent structure that works in parallel with American legal examples.

In the closing paragraph, one thing that comes to mind: “It is likely in the Misl era that smaller disputes were often resolved without the involvement of the sardar” - it may be useful to look into the structure of panchayats here, as these have been used for localized law across villages for time immemorial.

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Khem Singh (@SikhsInCourt)'s avatar

Definitely thinking about an in-depth look at the panchayat- what is interesting is that there were some 19th century constitutional scholars who saw connections between the panchayat and their national assemblies

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